Functional Groups!

*Click on the picture above for a cool animation!

Functional Group! A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions!

Functional Groups also contribute to the molecular diversity of life!

Today in class: Today in class, C block did a marshmallow lab! We used a table of important functional groups, mini marshmallows in pastel colors (and white), toothpicks, and paper towel to model the 8 functional groups we have been learning about (hydroxyl, alcohol, carboxyl, amino, aldehyde, ketone, methyl, phosphate). Oxygen atoms were pink, hydrogen atoms were white, carbon atoms were orange, phosphate atoms were yellow, and nitrogen atoms were green.

Hopefully everyone got work done today in class and has a better understanding of functional groups! Be sure to study for the chapter 4 quiz tomorrow, and remember that test corrections and chapter 5 vocab is due tomorrow!

If you want to practice for tomorrow's quiz, try this....

1 .
Organic chemistry is currently defined as

the study of compounds that can be made only by living cells.

the study of carbon compounds.

the study of vital forces.

the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds.

the study of hydrocarbons.

2 .
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Hydroxyl is to _____ as _____ is to aldehyde.

carbonyl; ketone

oxygen; carbon

alcohol; carbonyl

amine; carboxyl

alcohol; ketone

3 .
Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

C3H8

C2H6

CH4

C2H4

C2H2

4 .
The gasoline consumed by an automobile is a fossil fuel consisting mostly of

aldehydes.

amino acids.

alcohols.

hydrocarbons.

thiols.

5 .
Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

structural isomers

geometric isomers

enantiomers

isotopes

6 .
Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule:

a

b

c

d

e

7 .
Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

carboxyl

sulfhydryl

hydroxyl

amino

8 .
Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

the replacement of the hydroxyl of a carboxyl group with hydrogen

the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl

the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate

the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen

the addition of a sulfhydryl to a carboxyl

9 .
Which functional group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

hydroxyl

carbonyl

carboxyl

amino

phosphate